初二下册英语unit 1 导学案(十)
Grammar:现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成:have (has) +过去分词。规则变化的过去分词与过去式的变化一样,在动词词尾加ed; 不规则变化的过去分词见不规则动词表,需要同学记忆。
现以see the film为例将现在完成时的肯定句,否定句和疑问句列表如下:
肯定句:I/You/We/They have seen the film.
He/She /It has seen the film.
否定句:I/You/We/They have not/ haven’t seen the film.
He/ She/It has not/hasn’t seen the film.
疑问句:Have I/you/they seen the film? Yes, you/ we/I/they have. No, you/ we/I/they haven’t.
Has he/she/it seen the film? Yes, he/ she/ it has. No, he/ she/ it hasn’t.
现在完成时中常用的一些表达:
already:已经,常用于肯定句中,放在句中或句末。用于疑问句常表示惊讶疑惑。
yet 已经,还,常用于疑问句和否定句中,放在句末。
ever 曾经,常用于疑问句中,放在句中。
never 从不,表示否定,放在句中。
just刚刚,常用于肯定句中,放在句中。
since 自从…以来,后面接时间点或从句。
for 后面接一段时间。
例:I have finished my homework already.
My cousin hasn’t returned the library book yet.
They have just given the food to the poor boy.
Have you ever spoken to a foreigner? No, never.
I have known him since ten years ago/ for ten years.
My sister has lived in Canada since she was born.
现在完成时中应注意的几个问题
1. have been to 和have gone to的区别
have been to 强调“去过”,现已不在那里,如:
He has been to the USA three times.
他到美国去过三次。(过去“到美国”,现在已“不在美国”)
have gone to主要强调的是“去了”,现在人不在说话的现场,如:
--Where‘s your mother? --你妈妈在哪?
--She has gone to the hospital. --她去医院了。
2. have been to 和have been in的区别
have been to强调人“已回到原地”,后面可接表示“次数”的状语。
eg. ①She has been to Shanghai only once.
②--How many times has he been there?
--He‘s been there many times.
have been in表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间,现仍在那里”,其后常带表示一段时间的状语。
eg. ①They have been at the bus stop for half an hour.他们在车站呆了半小时。(现在仍然在车站)
②We have been in Xi‘an for two weeks.
我们在西安呆了两个多星期。(现仍在西安)
③How long have they been in China?
他们在中国呆了多长时间了?(仍在中国)
3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果,强调的是现在的情况,所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生关系,它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
eg. I have done my home work. 我做完作业了。
I did my homework yesterday evening.
我昨天晚上做了作业。(只说明昨天做了,而不涉及现在情况)
4. 瞬间动词在现在完成时中的使用
A. 瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时,如:
He has fallen asleep.他已入睡。
B. 瞬间动词原则上不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,但在否定句中可以使用。如:
She hasn‘t had a letter yet.她仍然没收到信。
She has bought the car for a year.
上句应改为:She has had the car for a year.
或It is one year since she bought the car.这辆车她买了一年了。
常见的瞬间动词有:come, arrive, get to, get up, reach, leave, go, die, become, open, finish, join, buy, borrow, lend , begin, start等。
如果句中有表示一段时间的状语,需将瞬间动词改为延续性动词,现归类如下:
borrow- keep buy- have die- be dead come/ go/ arrive - be in leave- be away from open- be open begin- be on get up- be up join- be in/ be a member of
ag: The film has begun. It has been on for half an hour.
The factory opened three years ago.= The factory has been open for three years.
Tom has left home. he has been away from home for two hours.
>>点击查看更多有关初一下册英语unit 2 will people have robots?的学习资料
www.kuaixue5.com【典型例题】
1. — Oh, Mrs. King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new?
—No, I ____ it for two years.
A. had B. have had C. bought D. have bought
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